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Gex: War profiteering in the USA

            The 9/11 terrorist attack happened 11 years ago, since then the USA has been at war. As a European citizen who lives in USA, I am quite independent and open-minded to find out what really was the reason of the war of Iraq. I’ve always been interested in conspiracy theories, and finding out truth behind a decision, and I always believed that 9/11 and the Iraq was was nothing other than the biggest conspiracy in American history. As a research, I will find what really has been driving the war, focusing on the conspiracy itself, and how America, especially the secondary sector, benefited from the war of Iraq, which is nothing else but war profiteering.
            The first war profiteers appear in America appeared during the Revolutionary War. Lots of leading Americans got rich during the Revolutionary War by selling supplies and equipment to the Continental Army at inflated prices, and many of them were members of Congress. The biggest war profiteers were Silas Deane, and Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais. Silas was commissioned so that he’d get 5% of any aide he could get-plus his expenses. So he got Beaumarchais, who set up a secret front company, Rodriguez Hortalez, transferring money and goods from France to America. Beaumarchais got 10% of everything he shipped from the French for the job. In late 1777, Beaumarchais sent the first bill to the US for $4.5 million livre, which was pre-signed by Silas Deane certifying to the bill’s accuracy.


            In the case of modern war profiteering during the war of Iraq, it started with the presidential election in 2000. George W. Bush won the elections. It was a questionable winning. All the major TV channels projected Al Gore as the winner of the elections at close to the final calls, when Fox News announced that George Bush won Florida State, therefore he is the projected winner. To understand how it was possible, I have to mention that that night behind the decision-making person, who called the George Bus the winner, was Bush’s first cousin John Prescott Ellis, and the governor of the questionable state is George’s brother Jeb Bush. In addition to that, George’s campaign’s chairman was also the vote-count woman. After this all the major channels called Bush the winner, and he became the president, although he lost by 543,895 votes. It’s a good example of how Bush manages his connections in order of success. As the son of the former president George H. W. Bush it started way before the elections. To see more a more detailed view about his and his family’s connection we should go back to 1970s.
            After the death of Mohammed bin Laden, control of the company passed to Salem bin Laden, Osama’s half brother. The roots of the first known Bush-bin Laden convergence date back to the mid-1970s, when the two clans were linked by a Houston businessman named James R. Bath. Bath had befriended George W. Bush in the late 1960s, when they both served in the Texas Air National Guard. By 1976, when Gerald Ford appointed the elder George Bush as CIA director, and Donald Rumsfeld (whose name will be important later) as the 13th secretary of defense, Bath was acting as a business agent for Salem bin Laden’s interests in Texas. After George W. Bush lost a bid for Congress, he decided to launch an oil company in Texas in 1979. For $50,000, Bath bought a 5 percent stake in Arbusto. At the time, Bath also served as business agent for several prominent Saudis, including Salem bin Laden. In exchange for a percentage of the deals, Bath made U.S. investments for these clients in his own name. Although Bath has said that he invested his own money in Arbusto, not Saudi money, the fact that he was Salem’s agent at the time has fueled speculation that Osama bin Laden’s eldest brother was an early investor in George W’s first oil company, Arbusto. The company, which was sold to Harken Energy, and George W. got a seat in the director board. Harken Energy was another company where the Saudi royal family invested their money in. It was important for them because while W. held a seat in the board, his father George H. W. Bush was the president of the United States. When George W. was investigated for selling his shares of Harken Energy, his attorney was James Baker’s law partner Robert Jordan, who later was the Saudi ambassador while George W. was the president. James Baker was the Chief of Staff during George H. W. Bush’s presidency. Going back to Donald Rumsfeld, who was the secretary of defense during 1975-77, he was also the secretary of defense from 2001 until 2006, while George W. Bush was the president. Rumsfeld was appointed by vice president Dick Cheney, whose name will be important in the company Halliburton.
            A year later George W. Bush became the president, on September 11th 2001 America became a victim of series of terrorist attack. The attacks were dedicated to Osama bin Laden, and the al-Qaeda. The bin Laden family is intimately connected with the innermost circles of Saudi royal family, which leads us back to George H. Bush, who held warm relationship with both the Saudi royal family and bin Laden family. Why? Because one of the biggest investors in the USA were the Saudi royal family just as the bin Laden family, in the form of companies, the Carlyle Group, and the Bin Laden Investments. Which were also investors in George W. Bush’s inefficient, unprofitable company, the Arbusto Energy. The Carlyle group invested in heavily government regulated industries, like telecommunications, health care, and mainly in defense. Both Bushes worked for the Carlyle Group, especially George H. Bush who was Senior Advisor to the Carlyle Asia Advisory Board from April 1998 to October 2003. The Carlyle group also owned United Defense, which had George W. Bush as chief commander during his presidency, and that guaranteed income in case of a defense budget raise. Since the Carlyle Group was owned by both the Saudi royal family and the bin Laden family, as the war Iraq started, and the defense foundings were growing, the bin Laden family gained money from it. This is the family in which one of the member was the responsible for worst series of terrorist attack in US history-the 9/11 attacks.
            According to Romesh Ratnesar journalist’s article the “Richard Clarke, at War With Himself” in the Times magazine, one day after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, president George W. Bush called Richard A. Clarke, the former National Coordinator, into the white house, asking him to find connection between the terrorist attacks and Iraq. Although the white house announced that this conversation never happened, Richard Clark talked about it on an exclusive interview on 60 minutes on the CBS News. Since America attacked Afghanistan first it could never be proved. Only two years later the war was moved to Iraq, but before that something remarkable happened.
            Six months before the invasion of Iraq started, according to the article “Bush’s Pre-War Iraq Oil Deals Alarmed BP”, there was an agreement between George W. Bush, Tony Blair, and the big oil companies, such as Exxon, BP, Shell, and Total. This deal was about dividing the oil field in Iraq since they know it’s going to be overtaken and it is the world’s second biggest reserved oil field, which shows that war of Iraq is also about oil, and war profiteering. Juan the writer of this article says, “Companies such as BP and Exxon-Mobil are desperate for new fields to exploit and fearful for the future if global oil production has peaked or is about to do so. Iran and Iraq hold most of the likely big reserves of unexploited oil known or suspected to exist in relatively easy-to-get-at regions”. The involvement of Blair shows how other countries profited from the war of Iraq.
            Frank Barbaro in his journal "War Profiteering" mentions the two companies that made huge profits of the war of Iraq. The companies are the perfect example of war profiteering. One of them is ExxonMobile. The company reported the biggest profit in US history over the war. In 2005 they had a total income of 173 billion dollars. Profit from it was 59 billion, where 23 went for taxes, and the total net profit was 36 billion dollars. Now that’s a great example how profitable was the war of Iraq for the USA. Since U.S. gained 23 billion dollars of taxes over only one company. Barbaro says, “At a time when American citizens can't get health insurance and 39 million have no access to medical care, it is, indeed, "disgustipating" to learn that Lee Raymond, Exxon's retiring chairman, received nearly $400 million for his retirement package -which equates to $143,000 for every day he served as chairman and CEO of Exxon.” The other company in Barbaro’s article is Halliburton. This company won several no bid contracts with United Defense, and become the biggest defense contractor of United States. According to Peter Elkind and Joan L. Levinstein’s article “The Truth About Halliburton” in the Fortune magazine, Halliburton won two major contract, needless to say no bid contracts, one was about restoring the oil infrastructure in Iraq which payed them 2.5 billion dollars.  The other big deal was called Army-support contract called LOGCAP, for Logistics Civil Augmentation Program. It was about 8.5 billion dollars. That contract was mainly serving the military with everything over the war in Iraq. Both of these contracts were payed by taxpayer, and made a fortune for 270 other companies, and sub contractors, over an 18 months period of time. Elkind and Levinstein say, “In an age of ugly symbols, a handful of companies have come to serve as shorthand for what's wrong with corporate America. In 2004, Halliburton moved to the top of the roster.” But how could Halliburton win such no bid contracts? From 1995 till 2000 the CEO of Halliburton was Dick Cheney, later Vice President during George W. Bush’s presidential period.
            The biggest defense contractor company is currently Lockheed Martin, right before Boeing. These two companies have a long history in defense contracting, since they have always been raced against each other. Every product, which was ordered by the government during the mid-east wars, was ordered from both of these companies, and who ever came up with the better solution won the contract. In this case the products are jet fighters. Over the years Lockheed became the bigger contractor. In 2008 Lockheed made 30 billion dollars of defense contracts, while Boeing was right after it with 29-29 billions. The total budget of the department of defense in 2008 was 481 billion dollars, which is more than 11 percent increase compared to budget in 2007. This means that the two largest defense contractor companies earned as much money together as an average year cost in the war of Iraq, and that’s how war profiteering works for the secondary sector.
            The war profiteering during the mid-east wars started before the 9/11 terrorist attacks. I would say it started with the presidential election in 2000, and unfortunately haven’t ended in 2008, when George W. Bush’s presidential period expired. The way defense contractors make huge profit shows us how war can be used as an income source for the sector of defense contractors. It points out that how war is the main source of income for this sector. In a modern capitalist country, like USA, the private or citizen sector is not profitable anymore. The sector is overfilled with big and small companies; therefore the prices are lowered to the minimum, so there is hardly any profit on products, or services anymore. So the only sector that still makes profit is the defense contractor, and subcontractor. And they make a huge profit. The military is like a civilization. It needs workers, food, healthcare, fuel, development, etc.…! Which in this case is supplied by Halliburton. It needs a lot of money, and that money is financed by the taxpayers. So these contractors, who supply the military, are making a huge profit, and therefor these companies offer jobs for people. So during wars employment will rise, which raise the number of taxpayers, and brings an economic rise. There is also one more thing that does the same thing. War needs soldiers, so the number of unemployment will lower more, and the taxpayers will rise. Although it’s a huge cost to pay the soldiers, but it’s nothing compared to the cost of the whole war, especially when those people are financed by taxes. In other words taking billions away from the poor, and giving it to the rich. These are the major reasons why war is a good decision for the secondary sector.
            After considering everything I could gather about war profiteering in America, I had one question: How is it possible? How is it possible that America is doing war profiteering when it supposed to be a democratic free country? The answer is more complicated than I first thought. First, American people suffer from patriotism. I use the word suffer because, it gives them a bit close minded thinking about the country, and what’s really going on behind it. Since patriotic Americans worship their country, they will not believe that certain people use them and their country to earn as much money as they can possibly imagine. Second, the people who are sent to wars are mainly 18-25 year old young people with hardly any life experience, and zero knowledge about the economy. After high school they join the workforce, or go to an academy, where they cannot gain life experience, neither knowledge about what really drives the wars. They are trained to complete the given task without questioning it. Therefore the chance to stop the war or prevent from starting it depends on these young adults who have don’t have enough knowledge about global politics, or the economy.
            On the other hand, these young adults argue that they are fighting for a better future, and to make America free. They say they have to go there and fight the enemy. They don’t see that there is no enemy, or if there is, then it will be found in the government and the secondary sector, who sacrifices American lives for their wealth.  They don’t see what really drives the wars. Just like the working sector, they don’t see where their tax really goes. Since they don’t want to live under terror they would also argue that war is good, because it’s for USA’s freedom. The only people don’t argue against war profiteering are the people who enjoy this redistribution of wealth. As Frank Barbaro says, “The rich are getting so much richer and the poor so much poorer.”
            In conclusion the war of Afghanistan and Iraq divided America. On one side there are the taxpayers who finance the war. On the other side the upper class, who owns defense contractor and subcontractor companies, which already gained a fortune thanks to the wars. It’s like a new from of Marxism, where there are two groups of society. The group of workers, who work to pay taxes, and the group of owners of defense contracting companies. How could it happen? The people who live under social myths, unquestioned rules and beliefs that they follow and live by, but they don’t even know they are following and acting upon, and the 9/11 conspiracy, which was the perfect reason to start a war, made it possible. George W. Bush, his father, and everybody who gained advantage from political connections, set up their own way of income, by lying to American people, and also sacrificing American lives in the name of war, which is nothing else, but their contracting playground. In other words it is nothing else but money laundering, because the taxpayer’s money is transferred into a legal income for the people in the secondary sector and the people who govern USA.
            With my research I have shown that as long as America is at war, the secondary sector will make a huge profit out of it. Since the budget of the department of defense is raised every year, the defense contractors’ profit will also grow. War profiteering started more than two hundred years ago with the revolutionary war and it hasn’t stopped yet. The Iraq war is a perfect example where war profiteering can be shown with actual facts and number. Only way to put an end to war profiteering depends on the next generation workers and soldiers. They need to be open minded and skeptical enough to question and understand what really drives a war, and on what cost are they going there to fight the “enemy”, then they will be able to see that their only choice is to say no to war.


Works Cited
Scaramella, Mark. “Our Founding War Profiteers.” Calling Tom Paine February 2007
Moore, Michael. dir. “Fahrenheit 9/11.” Lions Gate Films, 2004, Movie
Ratnesar, Romesh. “Richard Clarke, at War With Himself.” Time U.S. 25 March 2004
Barbaro, Frank. "War Profiteering." OC Metro (2006): 16-21. 
Elkind, Peter, and Joan L. Levinstein. “The Truth About Halliburton.” Fortune 151.8 (2005): 190-208.
Juan. “Bush’s Pre-War Iraq Oil Deals Alarmed BP.” Energy, Environment, Iraq, Iraq War 20 April 2011.
Wiles, Rick. “Bush’s Former Oil Company Linked to bin Laden Family.” American Freedom News.com 2001
Ayres, Chris. "Carlyle Group." The Times May 31 2001.
Wheat, Andrew. “The Bush-bin Laden Connection” The Texas Observer 9 Nov. 2001

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